In this post, you will learn 3 diagnostic patellofemoral pain clusters that can help you to diagnose and assess patellofemoral pain.
Cluster 1
Cook et al. (2010) investigated the best combinations of functional tests and situational phenomena and report a positive likelihood ratio of 3.3 and negative likelihood ratio of 0.73 for 2 of 2 positive findings. These findings plus their large confidence intervals can only be given a weak clinical value.
The Clinical findings were pain during muscle contraction and pain during squatting.
Cluster 2
Cook et al. (2010) report a positive likelihood ratio of 4 and negative likelihood ratio of 0.5 for 2 of 3 positive findings. These findings plus their large confidence intervals can only be given a weak clinical value.
The items of the cluster were the following:
Cluster 3
Cook et al. (2010) report a positive likelihood ratio of 3.1 and negative likelihood ratio of 0.7 for 3 of 3 positive findings. These findings plus their large confidence intervals can only be given a weak clinical value.
The items of the cluster were the following:
Other common orthopedic tests to assess for patellofemoral pain syndrome are:
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