Anatomy 1 | Physiotutors

Welcome to your Anatomy 1: Fundamentals, Myology & Osteology Lower Extremity Quiz.

This quiz has 90 multiple choice questions. Make sure to mark an answer for every question!
You will get the results mailed to the email address indicated below!

Good luck!

NAME

1. Frontal planes nearer to the front of th ebody are posterior or dorsal, while those nearer to the back are anterior or ventral.

True

False

2. Transversal planes nearer to the head are cranial, while those nearer to the sacrum are caudal.

True

False

3. Movements of the trunk in the transverse plane are known as lateral flexion (to the left or right) and in the frontal plane as rotation (to the left and right)

True

False

4. When rotation of a limb brings the lateral side anteriorly, it is termed lateral rotation (or external rotation)

True

False

5. Plantar Flexion is a movement of the foot at the ankle joint towards the sole.

True

False

6. An aponeurosis is a membrane of fibrous tissue which sheathes orther tissues.

True

False

7. A ligament is mostly a fibrous band joining two bones.

True

False

8. Foramen means "hole", condyle means "knuckle", crus means "arm" and brachium means "leg".

True

False

9. Except for the articular part, a bone is enclosed in a dense layer of fibrous connective tissue: perichondrium

True

False

10. Among others the femur consists of compact bone, cancellous (spongy) bone and a marrow cavity.

True

False

11. The periosteum consists of a superficial layer containing osteoblasts and a second deeper layer of fibrous tissue, containing connective tissue cells.

True

False

12. The medullary cavity is filled with yellow marrow and the spaces in the cancellous bone with red marrow.

True

False

13. Cartilage consists of osteocytes, contained in lacunae and surrounded by intercellular substance containing collagen.

True

False

14. Cartilage is relatively non-vascular and is commonly nourished by tissue fluids.

True

False

15. The following anatomical structures consist of hyaline cartilage:

Articular cartilage of synovial joints

The labrum enlarging the sockets of the shoulder and hip joint

Intervertebral discs joining the vertebral bodies

True

False

16. Among others white fibrocartilage is found at the xiphoid process of the sternum and in the costal cartilage.

True

False

17. The Haversian system (=osteone) has a central canal which is surrounded by up to ten, or more, concentric lamellae of bone tissue.

True

False

18. Bone has two principal components: an organic matrix (water, mucopolysacharides and collagen) and a mineral matrix (calcium, phosphate, etc.)

True

False

19. The three distinct classes of joints are:

Fibrous joints

Cartilaginous joints

Syndesmosis

True

False

20. Fibrous joints exist in three types:

Sutures

Gomphoses

Synchondroses

True

False

21. Sutures are only found in the skull; at sutures, no movement occurs.

True

False

22. Synostosis means "obliteration" of a joint.

True

False

23. A syndesmosis is a fibrous joint in which the uniting fibrous tissue forms an interosseus membrane or ligament.

True

False

24. One of the two synchondroses that persists throughout life is the first sternocostal joint.

True

False

25. The symphysis (secondary cartilaginous) is a more specialized joint than the synchondrosis; the symphysis occurs only in the median plane and persists throughout life.

True

False

26. Typical examples of a symphysis are the joints between the bodies of the vertebrae.

True

False

27. The inner layer of the articular capsule is formed by the fibrous membrane, the outter layer by the synovial membrane.

True

False

28. Articular cartilage is very well innervated and therefore is very sensitive.

True

False

29. At each end, the synovial membrane is firmly attached to the periosteum of the articulating bones, at a variable distance from the edge of the articular cartilage.

True

False

30. The synovial membrane may be strengthened by adjacent muscle tendons of by ligaments.

True

False

31. When the amount of fibres in the fibrous capsule is increased, and when these fibres are arranged in parallel bundles, this part of the capsule is often called a ligament.

True

False

32. An important function of an articular disc is to limit the range of movement (rotation) at the joint.

True

False

33. The surface of the synovial membrane is increased by small synovial villi and larger synovial folds.

True

False

34. The synovial bursae contain fluid resembling blood and they serve to facilitate the play of one structure upon another.

True

False

35. A subfacial bursa is placed between the skin and the underlying deep fascia of the body.

True

False

36. Synovial sheets surround ligaments running in osteofacial tunnels.

True

False

37. Among others, force of cohesion and atmospheric pressure are factors which keep the articular surfaces in contact with eachother.

True

False

38. The prototype of an art. plana has only one axis around which the bones rotate.

True

False

39. The prototype of an art. sellaris has two axes (at right angles) around which the bones rotate.

True

False

40. The prototype of a ginglymus and the prototype of an art. trochoidea have both two axes (at right angles) around which the bones rotate.

True

False

41. You need two perpendicular axes to describe all possible rotations of an art. spheroidea.

True

False

42. The prototype of an art. ellipsoidea has three axes (at right angles) around which the bones rotate.

True

False

43. At an art. ellipsoidea circumduction is allowed.

True

False

44. Each fasciculus of a muscle is bound together by connective tissue called the perimysium.

True

False

45. The assembly of fasciculi of a muscle is enclosed in a fibrous wrapping called the endomysium.

True

False

46. Tendons as flat sheets of dense connective tissue are called fasciae.

True

False

47. Flat sheets of dense connective tissue that penetrate muscles are called septa.

True

False

48. During an isometric contraction, the length of the muscle does not change.

True

False

49. During an eccentric contraction, the tension generated inside the muscle always increases.

True

False

50. When the passive (not contracting) hamstrings prevent full flexion at the hip joint and simultaneously prevent full extension at the knee joint, the are called to be passive insufficient.

True

False

51. When the concentrically contracting hamstrings are not able to maximally extend the hip joint and simultaneously maximally flex the knee joint, they are called to be active insufficient.

True

False

52. The attachment of a muscle which lies more proximal towards the base of the limb (or on the trunk) is usually referred to as the origin of the muscle.

True

False

53. The muscle is said to be a prime mover when it contracts for the primary purpose of producing the specified movement.

True

False

54. A muscle which opposes a specified movement is called a synergist.

True

False

55. Muscles which contract in order to provide a stable base for the action of the prime movers (= muscles that assist the action of the prime movers) are called antagonists.

True

False

56. The hip bone consists of the os ilii, os pubis, and os femoris.

True

False

57. The origin of the m. iliacus is the fossa iliaca of the pelvis.

True

False

58. The origin of the m. gluteus medius is amongst others the ala ossis ilii.

True

False

59. The origin of the m. tensor fascia latae is the ventral part of the crista iliaca.

True

False

60. The origin of the m. rectus femoris is amongst others the spina iliaca anterior superior.

True

False

61. The origin of the m. gracilis is the os pubis.

True

False

62. The insertion of the m. iliopsoas is the trochantor major.

True

False

63. The function of the m. iliopsoas is amongst others flexion the the hip joint.

True

False

64. The function of the m. gluteus medius is amongst others adduction at the hip joint.

True

False

65. The function of the m. gluteus minimus is amongst others internal rotation at the hip joint.

True

False

66. The function of the m. piriformis is amongst others abduction at the hip joint.

True

False

67. The function of the m. obturatorius internus is amongst others internal rotation at the hip joint.

True

False

68. The function of the m. quadratus femoris is amongst others extension at the knee joint.

True

False

69. The function of the m. rectus femoris is amongst others extension at the knee joint.

True

False

70. The function of the m. vastus medialis of the m. quadriceps is amongst others flexion at the hip joint.

True

False

71. The function of the m. pectineus is amongst others adduction at the hip joint.

True

False

72. The function of the m. gracilis is amongst others flexion at the knee joint.

True

False

73. The function of the m. semimembranosus is amongst others extension at the knee joint.

True

False

74. The function of the m. semitendinosus is amongst others extension at the hip joint.

True

False

75. Amongst others flexion at the knee joint is probably limited by the posterior cruciate ligament.

True

False

76. Amongst others, extension at the knee joint is probably limited by the anterior cruciate ligament.

True

False

77. Amongst others, internal rotation (of the tibia) at the knee joint is limited by collateral ligaments.

True

False

78. Amongst others, valgisation at the knee joint is limited by the lateral collateral ligament.

True

False

79. Amongst others, abduction at the knee joint is limited by the medial collateral ligament

True

False

80. The talus is subdivided into three parts:

The corpus tali

The collum tali

The caput tali

True

False

81. Amongst others dorsiflexion at the ankle joint (while the knee joint is flexed) is sometimes limited by passive insufficiency of the hamstrings.

True

False

82. Amongst others, plantarflexion ath the ankle joint (while the knee joint is flexed) is possibly limited by bone-to-bone approximation.

True

False

83. Amongst others, plantarflexion at the ankle joint (while the knee joint is extended) is possibly limited by tension in the ventral capsule of this joint.

True

False

84. Amongst others, inversion at the ankle is limited by the ligamentum talofibularis anterior.

True

False

85. Amongst others, the origin of the m. tibialis anterior is the dorsal side of the medial condyle of the tibia.

True

False

86. Amongst others, the origin of the m. tibialis posterior is the dorsal side of the fibula.

True

False

87. Amongst others, the insertion of the m. extensor hallucis longus is the distal phalanx of the hallux (big toe).

True

False

88. Amongst others, the insertion of the m. flexor hallucis longus is the base of the proximal phalanx of the hallux (big toe).

True

False

89. Amongst others, the function of the m. soleus is plantar flexion at the ankle joint.

True

False

90. Amongst others, the insertion of the m. peroneus brevis is the os cuneiforme laterale.

True

False

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