Wiki Dizziness & Vertigo

Supine Head Roll Test | Lateral Canal BPPV

Check our shop
Supine Head Roll Test
Find this wiki on the Physiotutors platform Become a member

Learn

Supine Head Roll Test | Lateral Canal BPPV Assessment

In this post you will learn how to perform the Supine Head Roll test also called Pagnini-Lempert test or Pagnini-McClure Roll Test to diagnose benign paroxysmal positional vertigo from the lateral semicircular canals.

Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo, abbreviated as BPPV is the most common inner ear problem and cause of vertigo, or a false sense of spinning. Common causes are head trauma or ear infections, although most cases appear to be idiopathic.BPPV can be caused by debris in the semicircular canal of the ear, which continues to move after the head has stopped moving. This causes ongoing movement that conflicts with other sensory information.

The semicircular canals are filled with a fluid called endolymph. The main sense organ in each canal is called the crista, which is stimulated by movement of the cupula. Head rotation causes relative movement of the endolymph in the semicircular canal, which bends the cupula and the embedded hairs of the hair cells and causes stimulation of the relevant vestibular nerve. The cause of BPPV is believed to be canalithiasis, affecting the lateral semicircular canal in 5 to 22% of all cases. In canalithiasis, free-floating debris in the semicircular canal is hypothesized to act like a plunger, causing continuing movement of the endolymph even after head movement has ceased. This causes movement of the cupula and bending of the hairs of the hair cells and provokes vertigo.

Around 20% of BPPV cases are said to resolve within 4 weeks and up to 50% up to 3 months without treatment, but recurrence is reported between 10-18% after 1 year.BPPV from the lateral semicircular canal tends to self-resolve more quickly than posterior BPPV. If the patient has a history compatible with BPPV and the Dix-Hallpike test exhibits only horizontal or no nystagmus, the clinician should perform a supine head roll test to assess for lateral, also called horizontal semicircular canal BPPV. Before you conduct the test, the patient should be counseled that his symptoms of vertigo will be reproduced and that he might feel nauseous. So make sure you have a bucket at hand, in case your patient might need it.

To perform the Supine Head Roll test have your patient lie supine on the treatment bench and bring his head into 30 degrees of flexion to align the lateral semicircular canal in the horizontal plane. Then quickly rotate 90 degrees to one side and observe your patient’s eyes for nystagmus, which usually has a latency of 5-20 seconds and fatigues within 60 seconds afteronset. After the nystagmus subsides (or if no nystagmus is elicited), the head is then returned to the straight faceup supine position. After additional elicited nystagmus has subsided, the head is then quickly turned 90 degrees to the opposite side and the eyes are once again observed for nystagmus

In a positive test, the patient will experience vertigo during this test. In the case of lateral semicircular canal BPPV the nystagmus will be predominantly horizontal. Two potential nystagmus findings might occur:– Geotropic type of nystagmus is marked by a very intense horizontal nystagmus beating towards the earth on the affected side and usually less intense beating to the earth on the healthy side. It seems probable that in this form of nystagmus the calcium carbonate debris is located in the long arm of the semicircular canal– Or Apogeotropic type: Less common with horizontal nystagmus beating towards the uppermost ear on both sides. In this case, it is reasoned that the calcium carbonate debris is located adherently or close to the ampulla of the semicircular canal. In this case, the side opposite the strongest nystagmus is the affected ear.

 

LEARN TO TREAT THE MOST COMMON CAUSE OF VERTIGO IN THIS FREE MINI-VIDEO-SERIES

Vestibular rehab course free

 

Other common tests for BPPV are:

Like what you’re learning?

BUY THE FULL PHYSIOTUTORS ASSESSMENT BOOK

  • 600+ Pages e-Book
  • Interactive Content (Direct Video Demonstration, PubMed articles)
  • Statistical Values for all Special Tests from the latest research
  • Available in 🇬🇧 🇩🇪 🇫🇷 🇪🇸 🇮🇹 🇵🇹 🇹🇷
  • And much more!
Frame 3310

WHAT CUSTOMERS HAVE TO SAY ABOUT THE ASSESSMENT E-BOOK

Download the free Physiotutors app now!

Group 3546
Download images mobile
App mockup mobile
App logo
App mockup
Check out our all in one book!
Download our FREE app