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Spine and Peripheral Nervous System

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Spine and Peripheral Nervous System Quiz. This quiz has 120 multiple choice questions. Make sure to mark an answer for every question! Good luck!
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Kyphotic and lordotic curves of the spine are positioned in the transversal plane and scoliotic curvatures in the frontal plane.
- True
- False
In the fetal stage the entire vertebral column is scoliotic.
- True
- False
The kyphotic and lordotic curves of the spine are the result of the wedge shaped thoracic vertebrae and the wedge shaped lumbar and cervical intervertebral discs.
- True
- False
In general a backward tilt of the pelvis flattens the curves of the spine (in the sagittal plane) and a forward tilt of the pelvis deepends the curves.
- True
- False
The lumbar vertebrae possess foramina transversaria and the thoracic vertebrae possess foveae costae
- True
- False

Seen from above, the body of a thoracic vertebra is rectangular and the foramen vertebrale is triangular.
- True
- False
Uncovertebral joints are mostly present at the upper and lower sides of the corners of the bodies of the cervical spine.
- True
- False
The spinous and transversal processes of the cervical vertebrae are pointing rather horizontally and are bifid.
- True
- False
The main parts of the atlas are the anterior arch, the massae laterales, and the posterior arch.
- True
- False
The articular facet for the dens axis (fovea dentis) is positioned at the dorsal side of the anterior arch of the atlas.
- True
- False

Ventrally and dorsally to the large vertebral foramen of the axis lie the lateral masses.
- True
- False
On the caudal side of its body, the axis carries the dens axis, which endes in a rounded point: the apex dentis.
- True
- False
In the case of spina bifida there is an absent or incomplete vetebral arch.
- True
- False
The longitudinal rotational axis of a thoracic vertebra runs through the middle of the body of this vertebra.
- True
- False
The longitudinal rotational axis of a lumbar vertebra runs through the root of the body of the processus spinosis of this vertebra.
- True
- False

The angle of the cervical articular surfaces (C3-C7) is about 45° with the horizontal plane.
- True
- False
The upper articular surfaces of the cervical vertebrae (C3-C7) are almost flat and face dorso-cranially.
- True
- False
The upper articular facet of a lateral mass of the atlas is concave and the lower is slightly convex.
- True
- False
The anterior surface as well as the posterior surface of the dens of the axis possess an articular facet.
- True
- False
The upper articular surfaces of the lumbar vertebrae are concave, have an almost vertical position, face dorso-medially and form (in the transversal plane) a part of a circle with its centre in the root of the spinous process.
- True
- False

A vertebral unit are two subsequent vertebrae with an intervertebral disc in between.
- True
- False
A vertebral unit composes a leversystem to relieve the intervertebral disc.
- True
- False
The intervertebral disc is a cartilaginous joint of synchondrosis type: a lot of fibrous connective tissue with some chondral cells.
- True
- False
The components of an intervertebral disc are the nucleus pulposis, annulus fibrosus, and cartilaginous endplates. There is no clear distinction between the nucleus and annulus.
- True
- False
The nucleus has a small fraction of collagen fibres and a big fraction proteoglycans; the annulus has a big fraction of collagen fibres and a small fraction proteoglycans.
- True
- False

The nucleus is very hydrofilic, the annulus is a little bit hydrofilic.
- True
- False
The annulus is composed of two to three lamellae; within each lamella the fibres have the same obliquety.
- True
- False
The direction of fibre orientation differ from lamella to lamella; in general the ventro lateral parts of the annulus are less well organized.
- True
- False
Amongst others, the functions of an intervertebral disc are: shock absorption, intrinsic stability, limitation of movements and determination of the position of the axes.
- True
- False
Aging and the decrease in quality of an intervertebral disc mostly starts with loss of proteoglycans in the nucleus and with the destruction of the collagen lattice (framework) in the nucleus.
- True
- False

Loading (longitudinal pressure) of the spine in neutral position increases the pressure (of the nucleus) against the annulus in all directions.
- True
- False
Loading (longitudinal pressure) of the spine in a flexed position increases the pressure (of the nucleus) against the annulus mainly in ventral direction.
- True
- False
Loading (longitudinal pressure) of the spine in a lateral flexed position increases the pressure (of the nucleus) against the annulus mainly in heterolateral direction.
- True
- False
The lig. longitudinale posterius connects the bodies of the vertebrae with each other and the ligg. flava connect the arches of the vertebra with each other.
- True
- False
The lig. longitudinale anterior originates from the anterior tubucle of the atlas and extends downward along the anterior surface of the vertebral bodies.
- True
- False

The ligg. intertransversaria connect the lateral sides of the vertebral bodies with each other.
- True
- False
The lig. supraspinale extends between the vertebral arches, is under tension even at rest (because of its elastic fibres) and helps to keep the spine in erect position (intrinsic stability)
- True
- False
The lig. nuchae extends from the occiput to the processes spinoses of the cervical spine and it continues beyond the cervical spine (caudally) as the supraspinal ligament.
- True
- False
The favored movements at the atlanto-occipital joints are flexion and extension.
- True
- False
The movement of the atlanto-occipital joints are limited by tension of capsules and ligaments.
- True
- False

The favored movements at the atlanto-axial joints are lateral flexion (left and right)
- True
- False
The movements at the atlanto-axial joints are limited by tension of capsules and ligaments.
- True
- False
The cervical spine (C3-C7) has a relatively great range of movement in all directions.
- True
- False
According to the position of the articular surfaces, the favored movement in the cervical spine is lateral flexion and rotation.
- True
- False
During flexion of the cervical spine, the upper vertebra translates dorsally and tilts backward in relation to the lower vertebra.
- True
- False

During extension of the cervical spine, the upper vertebra translates ventrally and tilts forward in relation to the lower vertebra.
- True
- False
Amongst others, limiting factors of cervical spine flexion are: compression of the mandibula against the chest and tension of the lig. nuchae.
- True
- False
Amongst others, a limiting factor of cervical spine flexion is tension of the dorsl capsule of the intervertebral joints.
- True
- False
Amongst others, lateral flexion of the cervical spine is possibly limited by passive insufficiency of muscles.
- True
- False
Amongst others, limiting factors of cervical spine lateral flexion are tension of the heterolateral ligg. intertransversaria and possibly compression of the facets of the homolateral uncovertebral joints.
- True
- False

Amongst others, cervical spine rotation is limited by the ligg. intertransversaria.
- True
- False
According to the position of the articular surfaces, the favored movement of the thoracic spine is a combination of rotation and lateroflexion.
- True
- False
Amongst others, extension of the thoracic spine is limited by intra articular and extra articular bone to bone approximation.
- True
- False
Amongst others, thoracic spine flexion is limited by bony limitation of the proc. spinosi and the intervertebral joints.
- True
- False
Amongst others, lateral flexion of the thoracic spine is limited by ligaments.
- True
- False

Amongst others, thoracic spine rotation is limited by stretch of the capsules of the intervertebral joints.
- True
- False
Amongst others, limiting factors of thoracic spine flexion are tension of the lig. supraspinale & ligg. interspinalia.
- True
- False
The ROM for lateral flexion of the lumbar spine is about 20°; the ROM for rotation of the lumbar spine is about 5°.
- True
- False
According to the position of the articular surfaces the favored movement of the lumbar spine is flexion and extension.
- True
- False
Amongst others, extension of the lumbar spine is limited by the lig. supraspinalis.
- True
- False

Amongst others, flexion of the lumbar spine is limited by bony limitation of the proc. spinosi and the intervertebral joints.
- True
- False
Amongst others, limiting factors of lumbar spine flexion are tension of the ligg. interspinalia and the joint capsules.
- True
- False
Amongst others, lumbar spine lateral flexion is limited by bony limitation of the intervertebral joints.
- True
- False
Amongst others, lumbar spine rotation is limited by bony limitation of the intervertebral joints.
- True
- False
The short muscles of the m. erector spinae are supposed to be the stabilising muscles while the long muscles are supposed to be the movers of the spine.
- True
- False

The agonistic function of the interspinal system of the m. erector spinae is extension of the spine.
- True
- False
The agonistic function of the intertransversal system of the m. erector spinae is lateral flexion of the spine.
- True
- False
The agonistic function of the spinotransversal system of the m. erector spinae is homolateral rotation of the spine.
- True
- False
The agonistic function of the transversospinal system of the m. erector spinae is heterolateral rotation of the spine.
- True
- False
The mm. rotatores breves, mm. rotatores longi, m. multifidus, and m. semispinalis belong to the spinotransversal system of the m. erector spinae.
- True
- False

Among others, the medial tract of the m. erector spinae consists of the interspinal system and the transversospinal system.
- True
- False
The mm. rotatores brevi and the mm. multifidi belong to the medial tract of the m. erector spinae.
- True
- False
The m. longisimus and m. iliocostalis belong to the lateral tract of the m. erector spinae.
- True
- False
An important function of the short (dorsal) neck muscles is stabilization of the joints between head, atlas, and axis.
- True
- False
The m. longissimus and m. iliocostalis both rise from (among others) the crista iliaca.
- True
- False

Amongst others, the m. longissimus capitis, the m. sternocleidomastoideus attach to the mastoid process.
- True
- False
Mm. scalenus anterior, medius, and posterior have as common agonistic function extension of the cervical spine.
- True
- False
The number of cervical spinal cord segments is 8.
- True
- False
The number of lumbar spinal cord segments is 5.
- True
- False
Amongst others, the sympathetic part of the central nervous system is situated in a truncus outside and along the vertebral column.
- True
- False

Amongst others, the parasympathetic part of the central nervous system is situated in the most caudal part of the spinal cord.
- True
- False
Central to a plexus, the nerves are called spinal nerves; peripheral to the plexus, the nerves are called peripheral nerves.
- True
- False
The nerve that originates from the spinal cord segment C5 and subsequently runs through the foramen intervertebrale is a radix ventralis or a radix dorsalis.
- True
- False
The plexus brachialis originates from spinal cord segments C4 till C8.
- True
- False
The plexus lumbosacralis originates from the spinal cord segments L4 till S4.
- True
- False

The plexus brachialis runs through the ventral scalenus gate.
- True
- False
The plexus lumbalis runs through the m. psoas major.
- True
- False
The n. radialis is a spinal nerve.
- True
- False
The n. obturatorius is a peripheral nerve.
- True
- False
A spinal nerve is composed of only motor neurons or only sensory neurons.
- True
- False

Efferent neurons run in the radix dorsalis (dorsal root).
- True
- False
A myotome is the group of muscle fibres motorically innervated by neurons from on peripheral nerve.
- True
- False
A dermatome is a subcutaneous area receiving sensory innervation from neurons of one radix ventralis.
- True
- False
A ramus dorsalis runs to a part of the m. erector spinae and to a subcutaneous area superficially to this muscle.
- True
- False
The motorical part of the ramus ventralis of the nervus spinalis Th5 runs to the intercostal muscles between two ribs (rib 5 & 6).
- True
- False

Amongst others, the n. gluteus superius runs through the foramen infrapiriformis.
- True
- False
Amongst others, the n. gluteus inferior runs through the foramen suprapiriformis.
- True
- False
Amongst others, the n. ischiadicus runs in general through the foramen infrapiriformis
- True
- False
Amongst others, the n. femoralis runs through the lacuna vasorum (under the lig. inguinale)
- True
- False
Amongst others, the n. femoralis innervates all ventral muscles of the thigh.
- True
- False

Amongst others, the n. ischiadicus innervates all dorsal muscles of the thigh except the m. adductor magnus (pars inferior).
- True
- False
Amongst others, the n. tibialis innervates all ventral muscles of the lower leg.
- True
- False
Amongst others, the n. obturatorius innervates most of the abductors of the hip joint.
- True
- False
Amongst others, the plexus sacralis innervates the m. ilipsoas.
- True
- False
The n. gluteus inferior innervates the m. tensor fascia latae.
- True
- False

The n. gluteus superior innervates the m. gluteus maximus.
- True
- False
The n. musculocutaneus is a nerve that originates from the infraclavicular part of the plexus brachialis.
- True
- False
Amongst others, the n. radialis runs through the carpal tunnel.
- True
- False
Amongst others, the n. musculocutaneus innervates the m. coracobrachialis.
- True
- False
Amongst others, the n. radialis innervates the m. flexor carpi radialis.
- True
- False

Amongst others, the n. medianus innervates the muscles of the hypothenar.
- True
- False
Amongst others, the n. axillaris innervates the m. triceps brachii (caput longum).
- True
- False
Amongst others, the n. radialis innervates the m. extensor carpi ulnaris.
- True
- False
Amongst others, the n. axillaris innervates the m. brachialis.
- True
- False
Amongst others, the n. medianus innervates the m. pronator teres.
- True
- False

Amongst others, the n. ulnaris innervates the m. extensor carpi radialis longus.
- True
- False
Amongst others, the n. medianus innervates the m. palmaris longus.
- True
- False
Amongst others, the n. ulnaris innervates most thenar muscles.
- True
- False
Amongst others, the n. ulnaris innverates the m. brachioradialis.
- True
- False
Amongst others, the n. radialis innervates the m. supinator.
- True
- False

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