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Evidence Based Practice: Statistics, Accuracy, Reliability

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Welcome to your Evidence Based Practice: Statistics, Accuracy, Reliability Quiz. This quiz has 35 multiple choice questions. Make sure to mark an answer for every question! Good luck!
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If you want to use a test as a screening test its essential that the test has a high specificity.
- True
- False
Among others, ICC and Kappa are measures of reliability for a diagnostic test.
- True
- False
Combining studies in a systematic review results in a larger study population and thus increases the power of the research.
- True
- False
'Prevalence' is equal to the post-test probability of someone developing a condition.
- True
- False
A highly sensitive test yields a high number of true positive (TP) results.
- True
- False

'Reproducibility' of a diagnostic test can be expressed in 'sensitivity' and 'specificity'.
- True
- False
An instrument's degree of inter-rater-reliability is important for the diagnostic classification of patients.
- True
- False
In a systematic review, the data extraction and analysis for risk of bias has to be done by two independent raters.
- True
- False
The positive predictive value (PPV) and negative predictive value (NPV) are independent from the prevalence within the study population.
- True
- False
"Clinical homogeneity and statistical heterogeneity of different studies in a systematic review." Statement: Pooling of results is not allowed.
- True
- False

If a test is highly sensitive, one may exclude a condition based on a small portion of false-positive (FP) results.
- True
- False
When the prevalence decreases within a study population, a test's sensitivity and specificity shall decrease as well.
- True
- False
If the severity of illness increases within a study population, sensitivity and specificity will decrease.
- True
- False
A Kappa value of K 0.61 - 0.80 is considered "moderate".
- True
- False
The Intraclass Correlation Coefficient (ICC) vor numerical variables adjusts for systematic measurement errors.
- True
- False

The negative Likelihood Ratio (LR-) tells us how likely it is to see a negative test result in patients who have the disease vs. how likely it is to see a negative test result in patients who do not have the disease.
- True
- False
If a test has interval results, its reliability is expressed with a Kappa value.
- True
- False
Reproducibility is the degree of difference between scores measured by 1, 2, or more raters in patients whose characteristics have not changed between measurements.
- True
- False
A weighted Kappa is used to express the degree of agreement between ordinal variables.
- True
- False
If a publication states that "the result is significant" this means that: 1. The result is clinically relevant 2. The result is unlikely to be caused by chance
- 1 is true
- Both 1 & 2 are true
- 2 is true
- None are true

Internal validity of a study is related to:
- Quality of the methods used
- Possibility to generalise conclusions
- The choice of the statistical tests only
- The effect of the studied intervention
Construct validity describes:
- How well the individual items in a tool are related to the outcome
- How well the individual items in a tool appear to test the outcome
- How well the individual items in a tool test a theory related to the outcome
- How a tool performs in relation to other tools testing for the same outcome
Which term best describes a test's ability to detect subtle differences?
- Minimally Clinically Important Difference
- Internal Validity
- Responsiveness
- Accuracy
The degree to which a test measures what it aims to measure is referred to as "reliability"
- True
- False
A negative outcome in a 100% sensitive test can rule out the disease
- True
- False

A positive outcome in a 100% specific test can rule out the disease
- True
- False
Positive and negative predictive values are independent from the prevalence of a certain condition.
- True
- False
"The prevalence of patients with an ACL tear in a general practice will be__________than in a sports clinic that is specialized in knee injuries."
- Lower
- Higher
On the evidence pyramid you will find case studies below expert opinion.
- True
- False
Nearly any question you ask during patient history taking can be considered a diagnostic test.
- True
- False

Which formula is used to calculate specificity?
- a / a+c
- d / b+d
- a / a+b
- d / c+d

Which formula is used to calculate sensitivity?
- a / a+c
- d / b+d
- a / a+b
- d / c+d

Which formula is used to calculate the positive predictive value?
- a / a+c
- d / b+d
- a / a+b
- d / c+d

Which formula is used to calculate the negative predictive value?
- a / a+c
- d / b+d
- a / a+b
- d / c+d

(a+c) / (a+b+c+d) will refer to:
- Incidence
- Prevalence
- Mortality
- Morbidity

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