{"id":30314,"date":"2026-11-12T13:31:04","date_gmt":"2026-11-12T12:31:04","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.physiotutors.com\/?post_type=wiki&#038;p=30314"},"modified":"2026-11-12T13:40:12","modified_gmt":"2026-11-12T12:40:12","slug":"borg-rating-of-perceived-exertion","status":"publish","type":"wiki","link":"https:\/\/www.physiotutors.com\/wiki\/borg-rating-of-perceived-exertion\/","title":{"rendered":"Borg Rating of Perceived Exertion"},"featured_media":30278,"template":"","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_relevanssi_hide_post":"","_relevanssi_hide_content":"","_relevanssi_pin_for_all":"","_relevanssi_pin_keywords":"","_relevanssi_unpin_keywords":"","_relevanssi_related_keywords":"","_relevanssi_related_include_ids":"","_relevanssi_related_exclude_ids":"","_relevanssi_related_no_append":"","_relevanssi_related_not_related":"","_relevanssi_related_posts":"","_relevanssi_noindex_reason":""},"class_list":["post-30314","wiki","type-wiki","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry"],"acf":{"free_access":"free","app_link":"","sections":[{"acf_fc_layout":"page-header-detail-page","background":{"background_image":30278,"background_image_alt_text":"Borg Rating of Perceived Exertion during a cycle ergometer test"},"heading":"Borg Rating of Perceived Exertion | RPE Scale | Exercise Intensity","subheading":"Outcome Measures","content_editor":"","button_type":"url","button_label":"","button_style":"button-five","button_internal_link":null,"button_anchor":"","button_url":"","button_file":null,"label":""},{"acf_fc_layout":"submenu","links":[{"button_type":"anchor","button_label":"Learn","button_internal_link":null,"button_anchor":"section-number-3","button_url":"","button_file":null},{"button_type":"anchor","button_label":"Free sample","button_internal_link":null,"button_anchor":"section-number-5","button_url":"","button_file":null},{"button_type":"anchor","button_label":"Assessment E-Book","button_internal_link":null,"button_anchor":"section-number-6","button_url":"","button_file":null}],"dropdown_label":"Go to","button_right":{"button_type":"internal_link","button_label":"Try Premium free","button_style":"button-three","button_internal_link":26802,"button_anchor":"","button_url":"","button_file":null},"button_description":""},{"acf_fc_layout":"content-content","section_options":{"vertical_alignment":"top","column_right_box":false,"column_left_width":"col-12 col-lg-4 offset"},"column_left":{"content_editor":"<h4>Learn<\/h4>"},"column_right":{"content_editor":"<h6>Borg Rating of Perceived Exertion | RPE Scale | Exercise Intensity<\/h6>\r\nThe Borg Rating of Perceived Exertion (RPE) is a simple scale that lets a patient rate how hard exercise feels. It was introduced by Gunnar Borg as a category scale for ratings of perceived exertion, and it is still one of the most used tools to prescribe and monitor exercise intensity (<a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/7154893\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Borg 1982<\/a>). You may also see it called the Borg scale, Borg RPE or simply the RPE scale.\r\n<h5>Two versions<\/h5>\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li><strong>Borg RPE scale (6 to 20):<\/strong> the patient picks a number from 6 to 20. 6 stands for no exertion and 20 for maximal exertion.<\/li>\r\n \t<li><strong>Borg CR10 scale (0 to 10):<\/strong> a category ratio (CR) scale with ratio properties, where 0 is no exertion, and 10 is the maximum. The CR10 was developed to combine the practical use of category ratings with ratio-scale properties (<a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/7154893\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Borg 1982<\/a>). It is often used for breathlessness, muscle effort, and pain during exercise.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\nIn a comparison of both scales during cycling in 40 healthy adults, individual correlations between workload and ratings were about 0.98 for both the 6 to 20 scale and the CR10 (<a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/16430682\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Borg and Kaijser 2006<\/a>).\r\n<h5>The Borg RPE scale (6 to 20)<\/h5>\r\nShow your patient the scale with its verbal anchors. The numbers in between have no label; patients can pick any number from 6 to 20 (<a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/7154893\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Borg 1982<\/a>).\r\n<img class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-30312\" src=\"https:\/\/www.physiotutors.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/11\/borg-rpe-scale-6-20.jpg\" alt=\"The Borg RPE scale from 6 to 20 with its verbal anchors\" width=\"1000\" height=\"1000\" \/>\r\n<table>\r\n<thead><tr><th>Rating<\/th><th>Verbal anchor<\/th><\/tr><\/thead>\r\n<tbody><tr><td>6<\/td><td>No exertion at all<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>7<\/td><td>Extremely light<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>8<\/td><td><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>9<\/td><td>Very light<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>10<\/td><td><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>11<\/td><td>Light<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>12<\/td><td><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>13<\/td><td>Somewhat hard<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>14<\/td><td><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>15<\/td><td>Hard (heavy)<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>16<\/td><td><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>17<\/td><td>Very hard<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>18<\/td><td><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>19<\/td><td>Extremely hard<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>20<\/td><td>Maximal exertion<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>\r\n<h5>Purpose and indication<\/h5>\r\nUse the Borg RPE to set and adjust exercise intensity without a lab test, to monitor how a patient tolerates a session, and to make progress visible over time. It is useful in cardiac and pulmonary rehabilitation, strength and conditioning, and return-to-sport programs. It also works when heart rate is hard to interpret.\r\n<h5>How to perform<\/h5>\r\n<ol>\r\n \t<li>Show the scale and explain the anchors. Tell the patient to rate the overall effort of the whole body, including breathing, muscle fatigue, and general strain.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Explain that there are no right or wrong answers and that you want their honest feeling, not what they think you want to hear.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Ask for a rating during the exercise, ideally at the end of each stage or at fixed time points, and again at the end of the session.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Record the number together with the exercise, load, and time. Use the same scale every time for the same patient.<\/li>\r\n<\/ol>\r\nPatients rate more consistently once they have had a learning period, so do a few practice rounds before you rely on the numbers.\r\n<h5>Scoring and interpretation<\/h5>\r\nHigher numbers mean a higher perceived effort. In 2,560 people who completed incremental exercise tests, an RPE of 10.8 corresponded to the lactate threshold on average and an RPE of 13.6 to the individual anaerobic threshold. Based on this, the authors suggested an RPE of 11 to 13 for less trained people and 13 to 15 when more intense but still aerobic training is wanted (<a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/22615009\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Scherr et al. 2013<\/a>). A review of subjective methods reached a similar picture: an RPE of 10 to 11 reflected the ventilatory threshold and an RPE of 13 to 15 the respiratory compensation threshold (<a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/35507232\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Bok et al. 2022<\/a>).\r\n\r\nFor whole sessions, Foster\u2019s session-RPE method uses a modified 0\u201310 scale to rate overall session intensity. In the original study, the rating was collected 30 minutes after exercise and multiplied by session duration in minutes to calculate training load. This RPE method (a rating of the whole session) was a valid way to quantify training load across different types of exercise (<a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/11708692\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Foster et al. 2001<\/a>).\r\n\r\n<img class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-30279\" src=\"https:\/\/www.physiotutors.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/11\/borg-rpe-training-intensity.jpg\" alt=\"Borg RPE 6 to 20 scale with the RPE at the lactate threshold and the individual anaerobic threshold\" width=\"1600\" height=\"800\" \/>\r\n<h5>Psychometrics<\/h5>\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li><strong>Validity:<\/strong> in the same cohort of 2,560 people, RPE correlated strongly with heart rate (r = 0.74) and blood lactate (r = 0.83), and was not significantly influenced by sex, age, or exercise mode (<a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/22615009\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Scherr et al. 2013<\/a>).<\/li>\r\n \t<li><strong>Reliability:<\/strong> in a small cycling study involving people with mild to moderate multiple sclerosis impairments and 11 age-matched controls, the intraclass correlation coefficient for RPE was above 0.86 when exercise was repeated one week later. RPE correlated with oxygen uptake (r = 0.69) (<a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/26836954\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Cleland et al. 2016<\/a>).<\/li>\r\n \t<li><strong>Spinal cord injury:<\/strong> a systematic review found only low to very low confidence in the evidence, so use RPE here with care (<a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/28867664\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">van der Scheer et al. 2018<\/a>).<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<h5>Clinical tips and limitations<\/h5>\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li>RPE is subjective. Mood, motivation, heat, and training level can all shift the rating at the same workload, so compare a patient with their own earlier ratings.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Beta-blockers lower heart rate, which makes heart rate targets unreliable. RPE can provide additional guidance in these patients, especially after a learning period (<a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/8776008\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Eston and Connolly 1996<\/a>).<\/li>\r\n \t<li>In adolescent girls, the pictorial OMNI scale was more reliable than the Borg scale during treadmill exercise (ICC 0.95 versus 0.78) (<a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/12471316\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Pfeiffer et al. 2002<\/a>). For children, consider a pictorial scale.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>For resistance training, a related perceived-exertion scale, OMNI-RES, can help monitor exercise intensity and training load (<a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/38910451\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Petro et al. 2025<\/a>).<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Use the same Borg scale version, instructions, and timing for each rating so that changes over time can be interpreted consistently.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<h5>Other useful tests<\/h5>\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.physiotutors.com\/assessment\/karvonen-formula-target-heart-rate-calculation\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Karvonen formula (target heart rate)<\/a><\/li>\r\n \t<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.physiotutors.com\/30s-chair-stand-test\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">30-second chair stand test<\/a><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>"}},{"acf_fc_layout":"content-content","section_options":{"vertical_alignment":"top","column_right_box":false,"column_left_width":"col-12 col-lg-4 offset"},"column_left":{"content_editor":"<h4>References<\/h4>"},"column_right":{"content_editor":"<a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/7154893\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Borg GA. Psychophysical bases of perceived exertion. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 1982.<\/a>\r\n\r\n<a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/16430682\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Borg E, Kaijser L. A comparison between three rating scales for perceived exertion and two different work tests. Scand J Med Sci Sports. 2006.<\/a>\r\n\r\n<a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/22615009\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Scherr J, Wolfarth B, Christle JW, et al. Associations between Borg's rating of perceived exertion and physiological measures of exercise intensity. Eur J Appl Physiol. 2013.<\/a>\r\n\r\n<a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/35507232\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Bok D, Rakovac M, Foster C. An Examination and Critique of Subjective Methods to Determine Exercise Intensity: The Talk Test, Feeling Scale, and Rating of Perceived Exertion. Sports Med. 2022.<\/a>\r\n\r\n<a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/11708692\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Foster C, Florhaug JA, Franklin J, et al. A new approach to monitoring exercise training. J Strength Cond Res. 2001.<\/a>\r\n\r\n<a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/26836954\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Cleland BT, Ingraham BA, Pitluck MC, et al. Reliability and Validity of Ratings of Perceived Exertion in Persons With Multiple Sclerosis. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2016.<\/a>\r\n\r\n<a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/28867664\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">van der Scheer JW, Hutchinson MJ, Paulson T, et al. Reliability and Validity of Subjective Measures of Aerobic Intensity in Adults With Spinal Cord Injury: A Systematic Review. PM R. 2018.<\/a>\r\n\r\n<a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/8776008\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Eston R, Connolly D. The use of ratings of perceived exertion for exercise prescription in patients receiving beta-blocker therapy. Sports Med. 1996.<\/a>\r\n\r\n<a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/12471316\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Pfeiffer KA, Pivarnik JM, Womack CJ, et al. Reliability and validity of the Borg and OMNI rating of perceived exertion scales in adolescent girls. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2002.<\/a>\r\n\r\n<a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/38910451\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Petro JL, Ferrari G, Cardozo LA, et al. Validity of Rating of Perceived Exertion Scales in Relation to Movement Velocity and Exercise Intensity During Resistance-Exercise: A Systematic Review. Sports Health. 2025.<\/a>"}},{"acf_fc_layout":"cta-form-v2","content_editor":"<h2>Get the <strong>21 most useful<\/strong> orthopedic tests<\/h2>\r\n<p>Download our <strong>free<\/strong> e-book with the 21 most useful orthopedic tests per body region, to help you reach the right diagnosis.<\/p>","form":"39","image":29349,"image_alt_text":"Free e-book with 21 orthopedic tests"},{"acf_fc_layout":"cta-image-v2","layout":"vertical","background":"transparent","heading":"","content_editor":"<p class=\"subheading\">Like what you\u2019re learning?<\/p>\r\n<p class=\"heading-two\">Get the full Physiotutors <strong>Assessment Book<\/strong><\/p>\r\n\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li>600+ pages on orthopedic assessment<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Video demonstrations and direct links to the PubMed studies<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Statistical values for every special test, from the latest research<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Free lifetime updates<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Available in English, German, French, Spanish, Italian, Portuguese and 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