{"id":12691,"date":"2022-11-11T15:03:40","date_gmt":"2022-11-11T14:03:40","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.physiotutors.com\/?post_type=wiki&amp;p=12691"},"modified":"2022-11-11T15:03:40","modified_gmt":"2022-11-11T14:03:40","slug":"thoracic-outlet-syndrome-explained","status":"publish","type":"wiki","link":"https:\/\/www.physiotutors.com\/wiki\/thoracic-outlet-syndrome-explained\/","title":{"rendered":"Thoracic Outlet Syndrome Explained"},"featured_media":12692,"template":"","class_list":["post-12691","wiki","type-wiki","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry"],"acf":{"sections":[{"acf_fc_layout":"page-header-detail-page","background":{"background_image":12692,"background_image_alt_text":"Thoracic Outlet Syndrome Explained"},"heading":"Thoracic Outlet Syndrome (TOS) Explained | TOS Classification","subheading":"Thoracic Spine Assessment","content_editor":"","button_type":"internal_link","button_label":"Check our shop","button_style":"button-five","button_internal_link":4646,"button_anchor":"","button_url":"","button_file":"","label":""},{"acf_fc_layout":"submenu","links":[{"button_type":"anchor","button_label":"Learn","button_internal_link":null,"button_anchor":"section-number-3","button_url":"","button_file":null},{"button_type":"anchor","button_label":"Assessment E-Book","button_internal_link":null,"button_anchor":"section-number-4","button_url":"","button_file":null},{"button_type":"anchor","button_label":"Reviews","button_internal_link":null,"button_anchor":"section-number-5","button_url":"","button_file":null}],"dropdown_label":"Go to","button_right":{"button_type":"internal_link","button_label":"Become a member","button_style":"button-three","button_internal_link":16662,"button_anchor":"","button_url":"","button_file":""},"button_description":"Find this wiki on the Physiotutors platform"},{"acf_fc_layout":"content-content","section_options":{"vertical_alignment":"top","column_right_box":false,"column_left_width":"col-12 col-lg-4 offset"},"column_left":{"content_editor":"<h4>Learn<\/h4>"},"column_right":{"content_editor":"<h6>Thoracic Outlet Syndrome (TOS) Explained | TOS Classification<\/h2>\nTOS is not an actual diagnosis according to the International Classification of Diseases(ICD), but a symptom complex. It is detected by the exclusion of other pathologies that can provoke neurological or vascular arm symptoms like cervical radicular syndrome and carpal tunnel syndrome.\n\nTOS can be further divided into 4 different classifications:\n\n<img class=\"size-full wp-image-12693 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/www.physiotutors.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/TOS-classification.jpg\" alt=\"Tos classification\" width=\"792\" height=\"236\" \/>\n\nAccording to <a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/12715220\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Davidovic et al. (2003)<\/a> the incidence of TOS is as high as 8% and it is said to be pretty rare in children with a ratio of males to females of 1:2 to 1:4. Furthermore,98% of the causes are neurogenic, while 2% are due to vascular compression.\n<div class=\"embed-container\">\n\n[embed]https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=H_tGstO-0N4[\/embed]\n\nEntrapment of neurological or vascular structures can happen in the following intervals:\n\n<\/div>\n<img class=\"size-full wp-image-12694 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/www.physiotutors.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/Entrapment-sites.jpg\" alt=\"Entrapment sites\" width=\"792\" height=\"206\" \/>\n\nCommon tests to assess for TOS are:\n<ul>\n \t<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.physiotutors.com\/wiki\/adson-test\/\">Adson Test<\/a><\/li>\n \t<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.physiotutors.com\/wiki\/eden-test\/\">Eden\/Military Brace Test<\/a><\/li>\n \t<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.physiotutors.com\/wiki\/wrights-test\/\">Wright's Test<\/a><\/li>\n \t<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.physiotutors.com\/wiki\/tinel-sign-TOS\/\">Tinel's Sign<\/a><\/li>\n \t<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.physiotutors.com\/wiki\/morley-test\/\">Morley \/ Brachial Plexus Compression Test<\/a><\/li>\n \t<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.physiotutors.com\/wiki\/cyriax-release-test\/\">Cyriax Release Test<\/a><\/li>\n \t<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.physiotutors.com\/wiki\/costoclavicular-maneuver\/\">Costoclavicular Maneuver \/ Halstead Test<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n[cta]\n\n&nbsp;\n"}},{"acf_fc_layout":"content-content","section_options":{"vertical_alignment":"top","column_right_box":false,"column_left_width":"col-12 col-lg-4 offset"},"column_left":{"content_editor":"<h4>References<\/h4>"},"column_right":{"content_editor":"<a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/12715220\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Davidovic, L. B., Kostic, D. M., Jakovljevic, N. S., Kuzmanovic, I. L., &amp; Simic, T. M. (2003). Vascular thoracic outlet syndrome.\u00a0World journal of surgery,\u00a027(5), 545-550.<\/a>\n\n<a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/19744876\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Watson, L. A., Pizzari, T., &amp; Balster, S. (2009). Thoracic outlet syndrome part 1: clinical manifestations, differentiation and treatment pathways.\u00a0Manual therapy,\u00a014(6), 586-595.<\/a>\n\n<a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/20382063\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Watson, L. A., Pizzari, T., &amp; Balster, S. (2010). Thoracic outlet syndrome part 2: conservative management of thoracic outlet.\u00a0Manual therapy,\u00a015(4), 305-314.<\/a>"}},{"acf_fc_layout":"cta-image-v2","layout":"","background":"transparent","heading":"","content_editor":"<p class=\"subheading\">Like what you\u2019re learning?<\/p>\n<p class=\"heading-two\">BUY THE FULL PHYSIOTUTORS <strong>ASSESSMENT BOOK<\/strong><\/p>\n\n<ul>\n \t<li>600+ Pages e-Book<\/li>\n \t<li>Interactive Content (Direct Video Demonstration, PubMed articles)<\/li>\n \t<li>Statistical Values for all Special Tests from the latest research<\/li>\n \t<li>Available in \ud83c\uddec\ud83c\udde7 \ud83c\udde9\ud83c\uddea \ud83c\uddeb\ud83c\uddf7 \ud83c\uddea\ud83c\uddf8 \ud83c\uddee\ud83c\uddf9 \ud83c\uddf5\ud83c\uddf9 \ud83c\uddf9\ud83c\uddf7<\/li>\n \t<li>And much more!<\/li>\n<\/ul>","button_type":"internal_link","button_label":"Check out our 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