{"id":12365,"date":"2022-10-26T11:13:40","date_gmt":"2022-10-26T09:13:40","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.physiotutors.com\/?post_type=wiki&amp;p=12365"},"modified":"2022-10-26T11:13:40","modified_gmt":"2022-10-26T09:13:40","slug":"flexion-rotation-test","status":"publish","type":"wiki","link":"https:\/\/www.physiotutors.com\/wiki\/flexion-rotation-test\/","title":{"rendered":"Flexion Rotation Test"},"featured_media":12366,"template":"","class_list":["post-12365","wiki","type-wiki","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry"],"acf":{"sections":[{"acf_fc_layout":"page-header-detail-page","background":{"background_image":12366,"background_image_alt_text":"Flexion Rotation Test"},"heading":"Flexion Rotation Test | Upper Cervical  Hypomobility","subheading":"Cervical Spine Assessment","content_editor":"","button_type":"internal_link","button_label":"Check our shop","button_style":"button-five","button_internal_link":4646,"button_anchor":"","button_url":"","button_file":"","label":""},{"acf_fc_layout":"submenu","links":[{"button_type":"anchor","button_label":"Learn","button_internal_link":null,"button_anchor":"section-number-3","button_url":"","button_file":null},{"button_type":"anchor","button_label":"Assessment E-Book","button_internal_link":null,"button_anchor":"section-number-4","button_url":"","button_file":null},{"button_type":"anchor","button_label":"Reviews","button_internal_link":null,"button_anchor":"section-number-5","button_url":"","button_file":null}],"dropdown_label":"Go to","button_right":{"button_type":"internal_link","button_label":"Become a member","button_style":"button-three","button_internal_link":16662,"button_anchor":"","button_url":"","button_file":""},"button_description":"Find this wiki on the Physiotutors platform"},{"acf_fc_layout":"content-content","section_options":{"vertical_alignment":"top","column_right_box":false,"column_left_width":"col-12 col-lg-4 offset"},"column_left":{"content_editor":"<h4>Learn<\/h4>"},"column_right":{"content_editor":"<h6>Flexion Rotation Test | Upper Cervical Hypomobility Assessment<\/h2>\n<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The flexion-rotation test is a useful tool to assist in identifying upper cervical movement impairment. This is especially important for patients that experience cervicogenic headaches due to impaired upper cervical joint dysfunction.\n<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">According to<a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/20357415\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> Hall et al. (2010)<\/a>, the FRT has an almost perfect intra-rater reliability of 0.95-0.97 and minimal detectable change of 7\u00b0 if both sides are compared.\n<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/17112768\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Ogince et al. (2007)<\/a> describe a high sensitivity of 91% and a specificity of 90% in identifying individuals with cervicogenic headaches.<\/span>\n<div class=\"embed-container\">\n\n[embed]https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=TziMAn77ZRU[\/embed]\n\n<\/div>\n<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">To perform the test, have your patient in supine-lying position and bring the cervical spine into maximal flexion. Then rotate your patient's head to the left and to the right until you reach end-range, which is usually reached at an average of 44\u00b0 in healthy individuals. Range of motion can hereby be limited by either pain or firm resistance encountered by the physio.\n<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">This test is deemed positive in clinical practice if there is a reduction of a visual estimate of 10\u00b0 from the anticipated normal range of 44\u00b0, which is slightly higher than the minimal detectable change.<\/span>\n\nIf you find a limitation in upper cervical rotation, you still won't know which segment is the one responsible for this hypomobility.\nCheck out our blog on upper cervical PIVMs to learn how to assess each upper cervical segment indidivually.\n\n&nbsp;\n\n[cta]\n\n&nbsp;\n"}},{"acf_fc_layout":"content-content","section_options":{"vertical_alignment":"top","column_right_box":false,"column_left_width":"col-12 col-lg-4 offset"},"column_left":{"content_editor":"<h4>References<\/h4>"},"column_right":{"content_editor":"<a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/20357415\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Hall, T., Briffa, K., Hopper, D., &amp; Robinson, K. (2010). Long-term stability and minimal detectable change of the cervical flexion-rotation test.\u00a0<i>journal of orthopaedic &amp; sports physical therapy<\/i>,\u00a0<i>40<\/i>(4), 225-229.<\/a>\n\n<a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/17112768\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Ogince, M., Hall, T., Robinson, K., &amp; Blackmore, A. M. (2007). The diagnostic validity of the cervical flexion\u2013rotation test in C1\/2-related cervicogenic headache.\u00a0<i>Manual therapy<\/i>,\u00a0<i>12<\/i>(3), 256-262.<\/a>"}},{"acf_fc_layout":"cta-image-v2","layout":"","background":"transparent","heading":"","content_editor":"<p class=\"subheading\">Like what you\u2019re learning?<\/p>\n<p class=\"heading-two\">BUY THE FULL PHYSIOTUTORS <strong>ASSESSMENT BOOK<\/strong><\/p>\n\n<ul>\n \t<li>600+ Pages e-Book<\/li>\n \t<li>Interactive Content (Direct Video Demonstration, PubMed articles)<\/li>\n \t<li>Statistical Values for all Special Tests from the latest research<\/li>\n \t<li>Available in \ud83c\uddec\ud83c\udde7 \ud83c\udde9\ud83c\uddea \ud83c\uddeb\ud83c\uddf7 \ud83c\uddea\ud83c\uddf8 \ud83c\uddee\ud83c\uddf9 \ud83c\uddf5\ud83c\uddf9 \ud83c\uddf9\ud83c\uddf7<\/li>\n \t<li>And much more!<\/li>\n<\/ul>","button_type":"internal_link","button_label":"Check out our 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now!","content_editor":"","download_image":{"download_image_image":22444,"download_image_image_alt_text":""},"mobile_download_image":{"mobile_download_image_image":22445,"mobile_download_image_image_alt_text":""},"download_image_link":"https:\/\/onelink.to\/6dtzk5","mockup_image":{"mockup_image_image":22447,"mockup_image_image_alt_text":""},"mobile_mockup_image":{"mobile_mockup_image_image":22446,"mobile_mockup_image_image_alt_text":""}}]},"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.6 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Flexion Rotation Test | Upper Cervical Hypomobility Assessment<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"The flexion-rotation test is a reliable and valid test to identify hypomobility of the upper cervical spine rotation.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" 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