{"id":12173,"date":"2022-10-20T09:50:27","date_gmt":"2022-10-20T07:50:27","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.physiotutors.com\/?post_type=wiki&#038;p=12173"},"modified":"2026-10-15T19:11:35","modified_gmt":"2026-10-15T17:11:35","slug":"pittsburgh-decision-rule","status":"publish","type":"wiki","link":"https:\/\/www.physiotutors.com\/wiki\/pittsburgh-decision-rule\/","title":{"rendered":"Pittsburgh Decision Rule"},"featured_media":12174,"template":"","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_relevanssi_hide_post":"","_relevanssi_hide_content":"","_relevanssi_pin_for_all":"","_relevanssi_pin_keywords":"","_relevanssi_unpin_keywords":"","_relevanssi_related_keywords":"","_relevanssi_related_include_ids":"","_relevanssi_related_exclude_ids":"","_relevanssi_related_no_append":"","_relevanssi_related_not_related":"","_relevanssi_related_posts":"","_relevanssi_noindex_reason":""},"class_list":["post-12173","wiki","type-wiki","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry"],"acf":{"free_access":"","app_link":"","sections":[{"acf_fc_layout":"page-header-detail-page","background":{"background_image":12174,"background_image_alt_text":"Pittsburgh Decision Rule"},"heading":"Pittsburgh Decision Rule | Knee Fracture Screening","subheading":"Screening","content_editor":"","button_type":"internal_link","button_label":"Check our shop","button_style":"button-five","button_internal_link":"","button_anchor":"","button_url":"","button_file":null,"label":""},{"acf_fc_layout":"submenu","links":[{"button_type":"anchor","button_label":"Learn","button_internal_link":null,"button_anchor":"section-number-3","button_url":"","button_file":null},{"button_type":"anchor","button_label":"Free sample","button_internal_link":null,"button_anchor":"section-number-5","button_url":"","button_file":null},{"button_type":"anchor","button_label":"Assessment E-Book","button_internal_link":null,"button_anchor":"section-number-6","button_url":"","button_file":null}],"dropdown_label":"Go to","button_right":{"button_type":"internal_link","button_label":"Try Premium free","button_style":"button-three","button_internal_link":26802,"button_anchor":"","button_url":"","button_file":""},"button_description":""},{"acf_fc_layout":"content-content","section_options":{"vertical_alignment":"top","column_right_box":false,"column_left_width":"col-12 col-lg-4 offset"},"column_left":{"content_editor":"<h4>Learn<\/h4>"},"column_right":{"content_editor":"<h6>Pittsburgh Decision Rule | Knee Fracture Screening<\/h2>\n<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Similar to the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.physiotutors.com\/wiki\/ottawa-knee-rules\/\">Ottawa Knee Rules<\/a>, the objective of the Pittsburgh Decision Rule is to evaluate which cases of knee injury require radiographic imagery, subsequently reducing the number of unnecessary and costly x-rays.\u00a0<\/span>\n\n<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The Pittsburgh Decision Rule was developed in 1994 and has been evaluated with sensitivities of 77-100% and specificities of 57 to 79%.\u00a0 (<a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/8060409\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Seaberg et al. 1994<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/23399332\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Cheung et al. 2013<\/a>)<\/span>\n<div class=\"embed-container\">\n\n[embed]https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=TMw6SJP784U[\/embed]\n\n<\/div>\n<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Take a look at the following diagram outlining the specific process.<\/span>\n\n<img class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-12175\" src=\"https:\/\/www.physiotutors.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/Pittsburgh-Decision-Rule.jpg\" alt=\"Pittsburgh decision rule\" width=\"1407\" height=\"933\" \/>\n\n<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Now if you see a patient with a reported fall or blunt trauma, in combination with either the inability to walk four full weight-bearing steps or age younger than 12 or older than 50 years old, the decision rule is 100% sensitive and 79% specific for the detection of fractures.\u00a0<\/span>\n\n<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">If compared to the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.physiotutors.com\/wiki\/ottawa-knee-rules\/\">Ottawa Knee rules<\/a>, the Pittsburgh Decision Rule was found to be significantly more specific in a study by <a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/23399332\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Cheung et al. (2013)<\/a>.<\/span>\n\n&nbsp;\n\n&nbsp;\n\nIf you are curious about screening for ankle fractures, check out the following posts:\n<ul>\n \t<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.physiotutors.com\/wiki\/low-risk-ankle-rule\/\">Ottawa Ankle Rules<\/a>.<\/li>\n \t<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.physiotutors.com\/wiki\/bernese-ankle-rules\/\">Bernese Ankle Rules<\/a><\/li>\n \t<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.physiotutors.com\/wiki\/low-risk-ankle-rule\/\">Low Risk Ankle Rule for Ankle Fractures in Children<\/a><\/li>\n \t<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.physiotutors.com\/wiki\/malleolar-zone-algorithm\/\">Malleolar Zone Algorithm for Fractures in Children<\/a><\/li>\n \t<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.physiotutors.com\/wiki\/midfoot-zone-algorithm\/\">Midfoot Zone Algorithm for Fractures in Children<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n&nbsp;\n"}},{"acf_fc_layout":"content-content","section_options":{"vertical_alignment":"top","column_right_box":false,"column_left_width":"col-12 col-lg-4 offset"},"column_left":{"content_editor":"<h4>References<\/h4>"},"column_right":{"content_editor":"<a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/8060409\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Seaberg, D. C., &amp; Jackson, R. (1994). Clinical decision rule for knee radiographs.\u00a0<i>The American journal of emergency medicine<\/i>,\u00a0<i>12<\/i>(5), 541-543.<\/a>\n\n<a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/23399332\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Cheung, T. C., Tank, Y., Breederveld, R. S., Tuinebreijer, W. E., de Lange-de Klerk, E. S., &amp; Derksen, R. J. (2013). Diagnostic accuracy and reproducibility of the Ottawa Knee Rule vs the Pittsburgh Decision Rule.\u00a0<i>The American Journal of Emergency Medicine<\/i>,\u00a0<i>31<\/i>(4), 641-645.<\/a>"}},{"acf_fc_layout":"cta-form-v2","content_editor":"<h2>Get the <strong>21 most useful<\/strong> orthopedic tests<\/h2>\r\n<p>Download our <strong>free<\/strong> e-book with the 21 most useful orthopedic tests per body region, to help you reach the right diagnosis.<\/p>","form":"39","image":29349,"image_alt_text":"Free e-book with 21 orthopedic tests"},{"acf_fc_layout":"cta-image-v2","layout":"","background":"transparent","heading":"","content_editor":"<p class=\"subheading\">Like what you\u2019re learning?<\/p>\n<p class=\"heading-two\">Get the full Physiotutors <strong>Assessment Book<\/strong><\/p>\n\n<ul>\n \t<li>600+ pages on orthopedic assessment<\/li>\n \t<li>Video demonstrations and direct links to the PubMed studies<\/li>\n \t<li>Statistical values for every special test, from the latest research<\/li>\n \t<li>Free lifetime updates<\/li>\n \t<li>Available in English, German, French, Spanish, Italian, Portuguese and Turkish<\/li>\n<\/ul>","button_type":"internal_link","button_label":"See the Assessment Book","button_style":"button-two","button_internal_link":4646,"button_anchor":"","button_url":"","button_file":null,"side_button":{"side_button_content_editor":""},"bottom_button":{"bottom_button_content_editor":""},"image":22705,"image_alt_text":""}]},"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.7 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Pittsburgh Decision Rule | Knee Fracture Screening<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"The Pittsburgh Decision Rule is a screening tool to rule out fractures of the patella, the tibia, and the fibula.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" 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