{"id":22461,"date":"2024-11-13T13:02:05","date_gmt":"2024-11-13T12:02:05","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.physiotutors.com\/?post_type=condition&p=22461"},"modified":"2025-01-30T11:26:20","modified_gmt":"2025-01-30T10:26:20","slug":"conditions-template","status":"publish","type":"condition","link":"https:\/\/www.physiotutors.com\/conditions\/conditions-template\/","title":{"rendered":"Conditions Template"},"featured_media":20801,"template":"","class_list":["post-22461","condition","type-condition","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry"],"acf":{"sections":[{"acf_fc_layout":"page-header-detail-page","background":{"background_image":20800,"background_image_alt_text":"Acute Coronary Syndrome"},"heading":"Acute Coronary Syndrome | Diagnosis & Treatment | All a physio needs to know","subheading":"Cardiology","content_editor":"","button_type":"internal_link","button_label":"","button_style":"button-five","button_internal_link":4646,"button_anchor":"","button_url":"https:\/\/study.physiotutors.com\/course\/","button_file":"","label":""},{"acf_fc_layout":"submenu","links":[{"button_type":"anchor","button_label":"Introduction & Epidemiology","button_internal_link":null,"button_anchor":"section-number-3","button_url":"","button_file":null},{"button_type":"anchor","button_label":"Clinical Picture & Examination","button_internal_link":null,"button_anchor":"section-number-4","button_url":"","button_file":null},{"button_type":"anchor","button_label":"Treatment","button_internal_link":null,"button_anchor":"section-number-5","button_url":"","button_file":null},{"button_type":"anchor","button_label":"References","button_internal_link":"","button_anchor":"section-number-6","button_url":"","button_file":null},{"button_type":"anchor","button_label":"Reviews","button_internal_link":"","button_anchor":"section-number-8","button_url":"","button_file":null}],"dropdown_label":"Go to","button_right":{"button_type":"internal_link","button_label":"Become a member","button_style":"button-three","button_internal_link":22104,"button_anchor":"","button_url":"","button_file":""},"button_description":""},{"acf_fc_layout":"content-content","section_options":{"vertical_alignment":"top","column_right_box":false,"column_left_width":"col-12 col-lg-4 offset"},"column_left":{"content_editor":"

Introduction & Epidemiology<\/h4>"},"column_right":{"content_editor":"Acute Coronary Syndrome (ACS) is a manifestation of coronary artery disease and is an umbrella term used to describe a range of conditions associated with a sudden reduced blood flow to the heart. The sudden reduction in blood flow to the heart can result in damage to the heart muscle.\u00a0<\/span>\r\n\r\n \r\n

Epidemiology<\/h3>\r\nACS is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality globally. The <\/span>Global Burden of Disease Study<\/b> reported ischemic heart disease (including ACS) as the <\/span>leading cause of death<\/b> globally, responsible for nearly 9 million deaths annually. The study reports an age-standardized death rate of 108.7 per 100.000 persons. Sadly, ischemic heart disease was the leading cause of mortality worldwide in 1990, and has not changed over the years.\u00a0<\/span>\r\n\r\nFrom: Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation (IHME). Global Burden of Disease 2021: Findings from the GBD 2021 Study. Seattle, WA: IHME, 2024.\r\n\r\nThere appears to be some regional variation. The prevalence of acute coronary syndrome is higher in high-income countries, but access to good healthcare including prevention has improved the rates over the years. Contrastingly, the prevalence of ACS in low-and middle income countries is lower, but unfortunately, a rising incidence is seen due to an increase in risk factors like smoking, diabetes, hypertension,...<\/span>\r\n\r\nThe incidence increases with age, particularly after age 45 for men and age 55 for women. ACS is more common in men than in women, particularly at younger ages. Men typically experience their first cardiac event earlier than women. ACS in women tends to occur later in life, often after menopause. The clinical presentation of ACS can be atypical in women (e.g., presenting with fatigue or shortness of breath rather than classic chest pain), which can lead to delays in diagnosis.<\/span>\r\n\r\nThe key risk factors for ACS align closely with those for coronary artery disease (CAD):<\/span>\r\n